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Perspective: Exploiting Malaria Drug Resistance to Our Advantage

Author(s): 
Nick Cammack
Reference: 
Science Vol. 333 no. 6043 pp. 705-706, 5 August 2011
Contact email: 
nicholas.c.cammack@gsk.com

On page 724 of this issue, Yuan et al. (2) confront the issue head-on. Using high-throughput chemical and gene analysis methods, they not only identify potential new antimalarial drugs that could be used in combination to suppress the development of drug resistance but also characterize a common set of genetic loci and genes affected by these molecules.

Slowing the evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: a mathematical model

Author(s): 
Stephen A. Gourley, Rongsong Liu, Jianhong Wu
Reference: 
Proc. R. Soc. A 8 August 2011 vol. 467 no. 2132 2127-2148
Contact email: 
s.gourley@surrey.ac.uk

We derive, analyse and compare two mathematical models, one for an insecticide that kills on exposure, and the other for an insecticide that targets only older mosquitoes.

Cytochrome P450 6M2 from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae metabolizes pyrethroids: Sequential metabolism of deltamethrin revealed

Author(s): 
Bradley J. Stevenson, Jaclyn Bibby, Mark J.I. Paine, et al.
Reference: 
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Volume 41, Issue 7, July 2011, Pages 492-502
Contact email: 
m.j.paine@liverpool.ac.uk

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is a major threat to malaria control programmes.

The Membrane Attack Complex of Complement Is Required for the Development of Murine Experimental Cerebral Malaria

Author(s): 
Theresa N. Ramos, Meghan M. Darley, Xianzhen Hu, Oliver Billker, Julian C. Rayner, Malika Ahras, Jillian E. Wohler, and Scott R. Barnum
Reference: 
The Journal of Immunology June 15, 2011 vol. 186 no. 12 6657-6660
Contact email: 
sbarnum@uab.edu

Cerebral malaria is the most severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection and accounts for a large number of malaria fatalities worldwide.

Open Access | Patterns of chloroquine use and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of household survey and molecular data

Author(s): 
Anne EP Frosch, Meera Venkatesan, Miriam K Laufer
Reference: 
Malaria Journal 2011, 10:116 (9 May 2011)
Contact email: 
park0587@umn.edu

This study demonstrates that in 2006-2007 chloroquine and SP continued to be used at high rates in many African countries.

Review: Update on genetic markers of quinine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum

Author(s): 
John Okombo, Eric Ohuma, Stephane Picot, Alexis Nzila
Reference: 
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Volume 177, Issue 2, June 2011, Pages 77-82
Contact email: 
alex.nzila@uct.ac.za

In this report, we have reviewed work on the in vivo efficacy and in vitro activity of quinine, and discussed recent data on genetic markers of resistance to this drug.

Short Communication: Malaria drug resistance is associated with defective DNA mismatch repair

Author(s): 
Meryl A. Castellini, Jeffrey S. Buguliskis, Louis J. Casta, Charles E. Butz, Alan B. Clark, Thomas A. Kunkel, Theodore F. Taraschi
Reference: 
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Volume 177, Issue 2, June 2011, Pages 143-147

These data imply that antimalarial drug resistance can result from defective MMR.

Manual: Second edition “Prevention and Management of Insecticide Resistance in Vectors of Public Health Importance”

Author(s): 
Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC)
Reference: 
Insecticide Resistance Action Committee
Contact email: 
enquiries@irac-online.org

IRAC has just published the second edition of the very popular manual “Prevention and Management of Insecticide Resistance in Vectors of Public Health Importance”.

Opinion: How artemisinin-containing combination therapies slow the spread of antimalarial drug resistance

Author(s): 
Ian Hastings
Reference: 
Trends in Parasitology, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 67-72
Contact email: 
hastings@liverpool.ac.uk

Recent reports suggest that early stages of resistance to artemisinins and/or its partner drugs could be occurring, thus it is timely to briefly review exactly how ACTs slow the origin and spread of resistance and to interpret the threat of resistance within this context.

Open Access | Spatial and temporal variation in the kdr allele L1014S in Anopheles gambiae s.s. and phenotypic variability in susceptibility to insecticides in Western Kenya

Author(s): 
Mathias DK, Ochomo EO, Atieli F, Ombok M, Bayoh M, Olang G, Muhia D, Kamau L, Vulule JM, Hamel MJ, Hawley WA, Walker ED, Gimnig JE
Reference: 
Malaria Journal 2011, 10:10 (14 January 2011)
Contact email: 
dmathias@jhsph.edu

The kdr L1014S allele has approached fixation in A. gambiae s.s. populations of western Kenya, and these same populations exhibit varying degrees of phenotypic resistance to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides.

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