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Evolutionary biology, evolution-proof insecticides and malaria control

Submitted by Yannis Michalakis on December 11, 2009 - 13:49
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Yannis Michalakis & François Renaud GEMI, CNRS-IRD UMR 2724, Montpellier, France Yannis.Michalakis@mpl.ird.fr, Francois.Renaud@mpl.ird.fr
 
Evolutionary thinking started pervading vector control strategies and planning since it was used to explain and manage insecticide resistance. More recently it has been used in the planning of GMMs (Genetically Modified Mosquitoes).
 
A new promising avenue was recently opened by Andrew Read and his colleagues.

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Long-Lasting Insecticidal Hammocks for Controlling Forest Malaria: A Community-Based Trial in a Rural Area of Central Vietnam

Submitted by Inga on November 10, 2009 - 13:39
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Author(s): 
Thang ND, Erhart A, Speybroeck N, Xa NX, Thanh NN, et al.
Reference: 
PLoS ONE 4(10): e7369
Access: 
Open access
Contact email: 
thangnimpevn@yahoo.com

Long Lasting Insecticidal Hammocks (LLIH), a tailored and user-friendly tool for forest workers, may further contribute in reducing the malaria burden. Their effectiveness was tested in a large community-based intervention trial carried out in Ninh Thuan province in Central Vietnam.

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Evidence of multiple pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto from Nigeria

Submitted by Bart Knols on October 25, 2009 - 17:39
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Author(s): 
T.S. Awolola, O.A. Oduola, C. Strode, L.L. Koekemoer, B. Brooke, H. Ranson
Reference: 
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 103, Issue 11, November 2009, Pages 1139-1145, doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.08.021
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Contact email: 
awololas@hotmail.com

 Pyrethroid insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is a major concern to malaria vector control programmes. Resistance is mainly due to target-site insensitivity arising from a single point mutation, often referred to as knockdown resistance (kdr). Metabolic-based resistance mechanisms have also been implicated in pyrethroid resistance in East Africa and are currently being investigated in West Africa. Here we report the co-occurrence of both resistance mechanisms in a population of An. gambiae s.s. from Nigeria.

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The distribution of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Cameroon: an update

Submitted by Bart Knols on October 25, 2009 - 17:32
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Author(s): 
Hamadou N.M. et al.
Reference: 
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 103, Issue 11, November 2009, Pages 1127-1138, doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.018
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Contact email: 
ndjemaihamadou@yahoo.fr

Insecticides are a key component of vector-based malaria control programmes in Cameroon. As part of ongoing resistance surveillance efforts, Anopheles gambiae s.l. female mosquitoes were exposed to organochlorine (DDT), a carbamate (bendiocarb), an organophosphate (malathion), and three pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin) in WHO bioassay test kits.

Carbamate and organophosphorous compounds could thus be used as alternatives in locations in Cameroon where pyrethroid-resistant populations are found.

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Insecticide resistance and its association with target-site mutations in natural populations of Anopheles gambiae from eastern Uganda

Submitted by Bart Knols on October 25, 2009 - 17:27
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Author(s): 
Urvashi Ramphul, Thomas Boase, Chris Bass, Loyce M. Okedi, Martin J. Donnelly, Pie Müller
Reference: 
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 103, Issue 11, November 2009, Pages 1121-1126, doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.02.014
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Contact email: 
pie.muller@liv.ac.uk

Insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae threatens the success of malaria vector control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to manage insecticide resistance successfully, it is essential to assess continuously the target mosquito population. Here, we collected baseline information on the distribution and prevalence of insecticide resistance and its association with target-site mutations in eastern Uganda.

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Distribution of pyrethroid and DDT resistance and the L1014F kdr mutation in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Submitted by Bart Knols on October 25, 2009 - 17:23
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Author(s): 
K.R. Dabiré, A. Diabaté, M. Namountougou, K.H. Toé, A. Ouari, P. Kengne, C. Bass, T. Baldet
Reference: 
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 103, Issue 11, November 2009, Pages 1113-1120, doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.01.008
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Contact email: 
dabire_roch@hotmail.com

This study reports on the distribution of pyrethroid and DDT resistance and the L1014F knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from 21 localities in three different climatic zones of Burkina Faso from August to October 2006. These results have practical significance for malaria vector control programs.

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