Pakistan

This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic background of the CQ resistant pfcrt haplotypes in Pakistan.

CQ is not suitable for first-line falciparum treatment in Afghan refugee communities.

A district-based EQA, based on lot quality assurance methods was implemented, using context-specific operational guidelines, tools and training modules, and other inputs from the malaria control programme and partners.

The results indicate high prevalence of in vivo resistance to chloroquine, whereas high grade resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine does not appear to be widespread among P. falciparum in southern Pakistan.

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of SNPs-haplotypes of dhfr and dhps genes associated to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in Plasmodium vivax clinical isolates circulating in a malaria endemic area, Pakistan.

This study identifies twelve novel plant sources of artemisinin, which may be helpful for pharmaceutical production of artemisinin.

The overall pharmacokinetic properties of artemether and dihydroartemisinin in healthy Pakistani subjects are comparable to healthy subjects and patients from other populations.

The present data suggest the need for improving microscopy diagnosis method and the clinician should also have careful clinical observation, along with the reports on Giemsa-stained thick blood films, particularly in summer time when P. vivax is predominant.

Further work is required on the genotypic protection associated with other types of G6PD deficiency and on developing simple point-of-care technologies to detect it before administering antirelapse therapy.

These results indicate that both P. vivax and P. falciparum populations in Pakistan are highly diverse.