Thailand

The evolution of different members of the Pvrbp2 family and their relatively high degree of polymorphism suggests that the proteins encoded by these genes are important for parasite survival and are under immune selection.

Plasmodium falciparum SURFIN4.2 (PFD1160w) is a polymorphic protein expressed on the surface of parasite-infected erythrocytes. Such molecules are expected to be under strong host immune pressure, thus we analyzed the nucleotide diversity of the N-terminal extracellular region of SURFIN4.2 using P. falciparum isolates obtained from a malaria hypoendemic area of Thailand.

This study indicates that transmission of P. knowlesi is occurring in the Ranong province of Thailand or the Kawthoung district of Myanmar.

Data from the present study put doubt regarding the pfnhe-1 gene as to whether it could be used as the suitable marker for QN resistance in Thailand.

Results indicate difference in the prevalence and distribution of G6PD gene variants among the Thai and Burmese populations in different malaria endemic areas.

Thus, we evaluated the influence of pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms on in vitro chloroquine sensitivity in 89 adapted isolates of P. falciparum from Thailand. We found that 87 of 89 isolates contained the CVIET haplotype of the pfcrt gene.

To determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi malaria in malaria-endemic areas of Thailand, we analyzed genetic characteristics of P. knowlesi circulating among naturally infected macaques and humans.

Analysis of gene mutation and amplification were performed by nested real-time polymerase chain reaction and SYBR Green I real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.

AP, DHP and AL all remained efficacious treatments for the treatment of falciparum malaria in Cambodia-Thailand border area.

Chloroquine (CQ) resistant vivax malaria is spreading. In this case, Plasmodium vivax infections during pregnancy and in the postpartum period were not satisfactorily cleared by CQ, despite adequate drug concentrations.